---
type: "resource-definitions"
title: "ImagingStudy Definitions"
resource: "ImagingStudy"
---

# ImagingStudy Definitions

<a id="ImagingStudy"></a>

## ImagingStudy
A set of images or image-related data produced in single study

**Definition:** Representation of the content produced in a DICOM imaging study. A study comprises a set of series, each of which includes a set of Service-Object Pair Instances (SOP Instances - images or other data) acquired or produced in a common context.  A series is of only one modality (e.g. X-ray, CT, MR, ultrasound), but a study can have multiple series of different modality values.

**Cardinality:** 0..*

**Constraints:** ist-1 | error | series SHALL only be present if an identifier is present with a system of urn:dicom:uid | series.exists() implies identifier.where(system = 'urn:dicom:uid').exists(); ist-2 | error | At most, a single identifier SHALL be present with a system of urn:dicom:uid | identifier.where(system = 'urn:dicom:uid').count() < 2; ist-3 | error | If numberOfSeries  and series are both present, the numberOfSeries value SHALL match the number of series elements | numberOfSeries.exists() and series.exists() implies numberOfSeries = series.count(); ist-4 | error | If numberOfInstances and series.instance are both present, the numberOfInstances value SHALL match the total number of series.instance elements | numberOfInstances.exists() and series.exists() implies numberOfInstances = series.instance.count(); ist-5 | error | If numberOfInstances and series.numberOfInstances are both present, the numberOfInstances value SHALL be the sum of the series.numberOfInstance values. | numberOfInstances.exists() and series.numberOfInstances.exists() implies numberOfInstances = series.numberOfInstances.aggregate($total + $this.toInteger(), 0); ist-6 | error | For each series element, if numberOfInstances and instance are both present, the numberOfInstances value SHALL match the number of instance elements | series.where(numberOfInstances.empty() or instance.empty() or numberOfInstances = instance.count()).count() = series.count(); ist-7 | error | If modality is present, modality SHALL equal all of the distinct values of series.modality | modality.exists() implies modality.coding.select(system&'|'&code).trace('r').exclude(series.modality.coding.select(system&'|'&code).trace('c')).empty() and modality.text.exclude(series.modality.text).empty() and series.modality.coding.select(system&'|'&code).trace('r').exclude(modality.coding.select(system&'|'&code).trace('c')).empty() and series.modality.text.exclude(modality.text).empty()

**Mappings:** workflow=Event; rim=Act[classCode=COMPOSITION, moodCode=EVN]; dicom=DICOM Tag Mapping; w5=clinical.diagnostics


<a id="ImagingStudy.identifier"></a>

## ImagingStudy.identifier
Business identifier for imaging study

**Definition:** Business identifiers assigned to this imaging study by the performer and/or other systems.  These identifiers remain constant as the resource is updated and propagates from server to server. Typically this will include the DICOM Study Instance UID.

**Comments:** Note: This is a business identifier, not a resource identifier (see [discussion](resource.html#identifiers)).  It is best practice for the identifier to only appear on a single resource instance, however business practices MAY occasionally dictate that multiple resource instances with the same identifier can exist - possibly even with different resource types.  For example, multiple Patient and a Person resource instance might share the same social insurance number, or an accession number MAY be used to relate a Task, an ImagingStudy and a DiagnosticReport.  See discussion under [Imaging Study Implementation Notes](imagingstudy.html#dicom-uids) for encoding of DICOM Study Instance UID.

**Requirements:** Allows identification of the imaging study as it is known by various participating systems and in a way that remains consistent across servers. ImagingStudy.identifier SHALL include exactly one Study Instance UID value if one or more series element values are present (see [DICOM PS 3.3 C.7.2](http://dicom.nema.org/medical/dicom/current/output/chtml/part03/sect_C.7.2.html).)

**Aliases:** StudyInstanceUID

**Conditions:** ist-1, ist-2

**Cardinality:** 0..*

**Type:** [Identifier](/Identifier)

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** workflow=Event.identifier; w5=FiveWs.identifier; rim=.id and .inboundRelationship[typeCode=COMP].source[classCode=ACSN, moodCode=EVN].id; dicom=Study Instance UID (0020,000D) and / or Study ID (0020,0010)


<a id="ImagingStudy.status"></a>

## ImagingStudy.status
registered | available | cancelled | entered-in-error | unknown | inactive

**Definition:** The current state of the imaging study. This is distinct from the status of any service request or task associated with the imaging study.

**Comments:** Unknown does not represent "other" - one of the defined statuses must apply.  Unknown is used when the authoring system is not sure what the current status is.

**Cardinality:** 1..1

**Type:** [code](/code)

**Binding:** required:[imagingstudy-status](/valueset-imagingstudy-status)

**Summary:** true

**Is Modifier:** true (Reason: This element is labeled as a modifier because it is a status element that contains status entered-in-error which means that the resource SHOULD NOT be treated as valid)

**Mappings:** workflow=Event.status; w5=FiveWs.status; v2=Varies by domain; rim=.status


<a id="ImagingStudy.modality"></a>

## ImagingStudy.modality
The distinct values for series' modalities

**Definition:** All the distinct values of series.modality. This MAY be either an acquisition or a non-acquisition modality.

**Aliases:** ModalitiesInStudy

**Conditions:** ist-7

**Cardinality:** 0..*

**Type:** [CodeableConcept](/CodeableConcept)

**Binding:** extensible:[sect_CID_33.html](/valueset-sect_CID_33.html)

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** w5=FiveWs.class; rim=.code; dicom=Modalities in Study (0008,0061) or Modality (0008,0060)


<a id="ImagingStudy.subject"></a>

## ImagingStudy.subject
Who or what is the subject of the study

**Definition:** The subject, typically a patient, of the imaging study.

**Comments:** QA phantoms can be recorded with a Device; multiple subjects (such as mice) can be recorded with a Group.

**Cardinality:** 1..1

**Type:** Reference([Patient](/Patient), [Device](/Device), [Group](/Group))

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** workflow=Event.subject; w5=FiveWs.subject; rim=.participation[typeCode=SBJ].role; dicom=Patient ID (0010,0020) and Issuer of Patient ID (0010,0021) and / or Issuer of Patient ID Qualifiers Sequence (0010,0024) and / or Patient Name (0010,0010)


<a id="ImagingStudy.encounter"></a>

## ImagingStudy.encounter
Encounter with which this imaging study is associated

**Definition:** The healthcare event (e.g. a patient and healthcare provider interaction) during which the imaging data represented by this imaging study was acquired.

**Cardinality:** 0..1

**Type:** Reference([Encounter](/Encounter))

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** workflow=Event.encounter; w5=FiveWs.context; rim=inboundRelationship[typeCode=COMP].source[classCode=ENC, moodCode=EVN]


<a id="ImagingStudy.started"></a>

## ImagingStudy.started
When the study was started

**Definition:** Date and time the study started.

**Aliases:** StudyDate, StudyTime

**Cardinality:** 0..1

**Type:** [dateTime](/dateTime)

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** workflow=Event.occurrence[x]; w5=FiveWs.init; rim=.effectiveTime; dicom=Study Date (0008,0020) and Study Time (0008,0030)


<a id="ImagingStudy.basedOn"></a>

## ImagingStudy.basedOn
Fulfills plan or order

**Definition:** A plan or order that is fulfilled in whole or in part by this imaging study.

**Comments:** One imaging study MAY be based on multiple ordered procedures, e.g. chest/abdomen/pelvis CT orders being fulfilled by a single imaging study.

**Requirements:** Allows tracing of authorization for the imaging study and tracking whether proposals/recommendations were acted upon. If the ImagingStudy is associated with an Accession Number, this field SHOULD include a reference to that value in the form: identifier.value = (Accession Number Value) identifier.type = ACSN. A reference value pointing to a ServiceRequest resource is allowed but is not required.

**Aliases:** AccessionNumber

**Cardinality:** 0..*

**Type:** Reference([CarePlan](/CarePlan), [ServiceRequest](/ServiceRequest), [Appointment](/Appointment), [Task](/Task))

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** workflow=Event.basedOn; w5=FiveWs.cause; rim=.outboundRelationship[typeCode=FLFS].target[classCode=DGIMG, moodCode=RQO]; dicom=Accession Number (0080,0050) and Issuer of Accession Number Sequence (0080,0051) and / or Requested Procedure Code Sequence (0032,1064)


<a id="ImagingStudy.procedure"></a>

## ImagingStudy.procedure
Imaging performed procedure(s)

**Definition:** The performed procedure(s) during which the data associated with this imaging study was created.

**Comments:** To link an imaging study to an Encounter use `encounter`.

**Cardinality:** 0..*

**Type:** Reference([Procedure](/Procedure))

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** workflow=Event.partOf; v2=Varies by domain; rim=.outboundRelationship[typeCode=FLFS].target


<a id="ImagingStudy.referrer"></a>

## ImagingStudy.referrer
Referring physician

**Definition:** The referring physician.

**Aliases:** ReferringPhysiciansName

**Cardinality:** 0..1

**Type:** Reference([Practitioner](/Practitioner), [PractitionerRole](/PractitionerRole))

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** w5=FiveWs.cause; rim=.outboundRelationship[typeCode=FLFS].target[classCode=DGIMG, moodCode=RQO].participation[typeCode=AUT].role; dicom=Referring Physician's Name (0008,0090) and Referring Physician Identification Sequence (0008,0096)


<a id="ImagingStudy.endpoint"></a>

## ImagingStudy.endpoint
Study access endpoint

**Definition:** The network service providing access (e.g., query, view, or retrieval) for the study. See implementation notes for information about using DICOM endpoints. A study-level endpoint applies to each series in the study, unless overridden by a series-level endpoint with the same Endpoint.connectionType.

**Comments:** Typical endpoint types include DICOM WADO-RS, which is used to retrieve DICOM instances in native or rendered (e.g., JPG, PNG), formats using a RESTful API; DICOM WADO-URI, which can similarly retrieve native or rendered instances, except using an HTTP query-based approach; DICOM QIDO-RS, which allows RESTful query for DICOM metadata without retrieving the actual instances. See [Imaging Study Implementation Notes on Endpoints](imagingstudy.html#endpoints).

**Requirements:** Access methods for viewing or retrieving the study or the study's series or instances. The study-level baseLocation applies to each series in the study, unless overridden in series by a series-level baseLocation of the same type.

**Cardinality:** 0..*

**Type:** Reference([Endpoint](/Endpoint))

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** rim=Not supported


<a id="ImagingStudy.location"></a>

## ImagingStudy.location
Where imaging study occurred

**Definition:** The principal physical location where the imaging study was performed.

**Requirements:** Ties the event to where the records are likely kept and provides context around the event occurrence (e.g. if it occurred inside or outside a dedicated healthcare setting).

**Cardinality:** 0..1

**Type:** Reference([Location](/Location))

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** workflow=Event.location; w5=FiveWs.where[x]; v2=EVN-7; rim=.participation[typeCode=LOC].role; dicom=Institutional Department Name (0008,1040) and Institutional Department Type Code Sequence (0008,1041)


<a id="ImagingStudy.reason"></a>

## ImagingStudy.reason
Why was imaging study performed?

**Definition:** Describes why the imaging study occurred in coded or textual form or indicates another resource whose existence justifies this imaging study.

**Comments:** This MAY correspond to the indications or reasons encoded in an associated service request.

**Cardinality:** 0..*

**Type:** [CodeableReference](/CodeableReference)

**Binding:** example:[procedure-reason](/valueset-procedure-reason)

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** workflow=Event.reason; w5=FiveWs.why[x]; rim=.reasonCode; dicom=Reason for Requested Procedure Code Sequence (0040,1002)


<a id="ImagingStudy.note"></a>

## ImagingStudy.note
Comments made about the imaging study

**Definition:** Comments made about the imaging study by the performer, subject or other participants.

**Cardinality:** 0..*

**Type:** [Annotation](/Annotation)

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** workflow=Event.note


<a id="ImagingStudy.description"></a>

## ImagingStudy.description
Study Description or Classification

**Definition:** Description or classification of the imaging study.

**Aliases:** StudyDescription

**Cardinality:** 0..1

**Type:** [string](/string)

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** rim=.text; dicom=Study Description (0008,1030)


<a id="ImagingStudy.numberOfSeries"></a>

## ImagingStudy.numberOfSeries
Number of Study Related Series

**Definition:** Number of known Series in the Study. This value might be present even if the ImagingStudy.series element is empty or only partially populated.

**Aliases:** NumberOfStudyRelatedSeries

**Conditions:** ist-3

**Cardinality:** 0..1

**Type:** [unsignedInt](/unsignedInt)

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** rim=.outboundRelationship[typeCode=COMP, subsetCode=SUMM].target[classCode=OBSSER, moodCode=EVN].repeatNumber; dicom=Number of Study Related Series (0020,1206). Note: this attribute is not included in DICOM instance metadata but is returned as a result of a query.


<a id="ImagingStudy.numberOfInstances"></a>

## ImagingStudy.numberOfInstances
Number of Study Related Instances

**Definition:** Number of known SOP Instances in Study. This value might be present even if the ImagingStudy.series.instance elements are empty or only partially populated.

**Aliases:** NumberOfStudyRelatedInstances

**Conditions:** ist-4, ist-5

**Cardinality:** 0..1

**Type:** [unsignedInt](/unsignedInt)

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** rim=.outboundRelationship[typeCode=COMP, subsetCode=SUMM].target[classCode=DGIMG, moodCode=EVN].repeatNumber; dicom=Number of Study Related Instances (0020,1208). Note: this attribute is not included in DICOM instance metadata but is returned as a result of a query.


<a id="ImagingStudy.series"></a>

## ImagingStudy.series
The set of Series belonging to the study

**Definition:** The set of Series belonging to the study. Each Series contains a set of SOP Instances, which could be images, waveforms, or other content.

**Conditions:** ist-1, ist-3, ist-4, ist-5, ist-6, ist-7

**Cardinality:** 0..*

**Type:** [BackboneElement](/BackboneElement)

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** rim=.outboundRelationship[typeCode=COMP].target[classCode=OBSSER, moodCode=EVN]


<a id="ImagingStudy.series.uid"></a>

## ImagingStudy.series.uid
DICOM Series Instance UID

**Definition:** The DICOM Series Instance UID of the series.

**Comments:** See [DICOM PS3.3 C.7.3](http://dicom.nema.org/medical/dicom/current/output/chtml/part03/sect_C.7.3.html).

**Requirements:** DICOM Series Instance UID.

**Aliases:** SeriesInstanceUID

**Cardinality:** 1..1

**Type:** [id](/id)

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** rim=.id; dicom=Series Instance UID (0020,000E)


<a id="ImagingStudy.series.number"></a>

## ImagingStudy.series.number
Numeric identifier of this series

**Definition:** The numeric identifier of this series in the study.

**Aliases:** SeriesNumber

**Cardinality:** 0..1

**Type:** [unsignedInt](/unsignedInt)

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** rim=.inboundRelationship[type=COMP, source[classCode=COMPOSITION, moodCode=EVN]].sequenceNumber; dicom=Series Number (0020,0011)


<a id="ImagingStudy.series.modality"></a>

## ImagingStudy.series.modality
The modality used for this series

**Definition:** The distinct modality for this series. This MAY be either an acquisition modality (e.g., CT, MR) or a non-acquisition modality (e.g., segmentation, presentation state).

**Aliases:** Modality

**Conditions:** ist-7

**Cardinality:** 1..1

**Type:** [CodeableConcept](/CodeableConcept)

**Binding:** extensible:[sect_CID_33.html](/valueset-sect_CID_33.html)

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** rim=.code; dicom=Modality (0008,0060)


<a id="ImagingStudy.series.description"></a>

## ImagingStudy.series.description
Series Description or Classification

**Definition:** Description or classification of the series.

**Aliases:** SeriesDescription

**Cardinality:** 0..1

**Type:** [string](/string)

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** rim=.text; dicom=Series Description (0008,103E)


<a id="ImagingStudy.series.numberOfInstances"></a>

## ImagingStudy.series.numberOfInstances
Number of Series Related Instances

**Definition:** Number of SOP Instances in the Series. The value given MAY be larger than the number of instance elements this series contains due to resource availability, security, or other factors. This element SHOULD be present if any instance elements are present.

**Aliases:** NumberOfSeriesRelatedInstances

**Conditions:** ist-5, ist-6

**Cardinality:** 0..1

**Type:** [unsignedInt](/unsignedInt)

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** rim=.outboundRelationship[typeCode=COMP, subsetCode=SUMM].target[classCode=DGIMG, moodCode=EVN].repeatNumber; dicom=Number of Series Related Instances (0020,1209). Note: this attribute is not included in DICOM instance metadata but is returned as a result of a query.


<a id="ImagingStudy.series.endpoint"></a>

## ImagingStudy.series.endpoint
Series access endpoint

**Definition:** The network service providing access for the study. See implementation notes for information about [using DICOM endpoints](imagingstudy.html#endpoints).

**Cardinality:** 0..*

**Type:** Reference([Endpoint](/Endpoint))

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** rim=Not supported


<a id="ImagingStudy.series.bodySite"></a>

## ImagingStudy.series.bodySite
Body part examined

**Definition:** The anatomic structures examined. See [DICOM Part 16 Annex L](http://dicom.nema.org/medical/dicom/current/output/chtml/part16/chapter_L.html) for DICOM to SNOMED-CT mappings. The bodySite MAY include the laterality of body part imaged.

**Aliases:** BodyPartExamined

**Cardinality:** 0..1

**Type:** [CodeableReference](/CodeableReference)

**Binding:** example:[body-site](/valueset-body-site)

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** rim=.targetSiteCode; dicom=Body Part Examined (0018,0015) or Anatomic Region Sequence (0008,2218) and Laterality (0020,0060)


<a id="ImagingStudy.series.specimen"></a>

## ImagingStudy.series.specimen
Specimen imaged

**Definition:** The specimen imaged, e.g., for whole slide imaging of a biopsy.

**Cardinality:** 0..*

**Type:** Reference([Specimen](/Specimen))

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** rim=Role[classCode=SPEC]; dicom=Specimen Identifier (0040,0551) or Specimen UID (0040,0554) and + Issuer of the Specimen Identifier Sequence (0040,0562)


<a id="ImagingStudy.series.started"></a>

## ImagingStudy.series.started
When the series started

**Definition:** The date and time the series was started.

**Cardinality:** 0..1

**Type:** [dateTime](/dateTime)

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** rim=.effectiveTime; dicom=Series Date (0008,0021) + and Series Time (0008,0031)


<a id="ImagingStudy.series.performer"></a>

## ImagingStudy.series.performer
Who performed the series

**Definition:** Indicates who or what performed the series and how they were involved.

**Comments:** If the person who performed the series is not known, their Organization MAY be recorded. A patient, or related person, MAY be the performer, e.g. for patient-captured images.

**Requirements:** The performer is recorded at the series level, since each series in a study MAY be performed by a different performer, at different times, and using different devices. A series MAY be performed by multiple performers.

**Aliases:** PerformingPhysicianName, OperatorName, ManufacturersModelName, InstitutionName

**Cardinality:** 0..*

**Type:** [BackboneElement](/BackboneElement)

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** workflow=Event.performer; rim=.participation[typeCode=PRF].role; dicom=One or more of: Performing Physician's Name (0008,1050) and Performing Physician Identification Sequence (0008,1052); Operators' Name (0008,1070) and Operator Identification Sequence (0008,1072); Manufacturer (0008,0070) and Manufacturer's Model Name (0008,1090); or Institution Name (0008,0080)


<a id="ImagingStudy.series.performer.function"></a>

## ImagingStudy.series.performer.function
Type of performance

**Definition:** Distinguishes the type of involvement of the performer in the imaging study..

**Requirements:** Allows disambiguation of the types of involvement of different performers.

**Cardinality:** 0..1

**Type:** [CodeableConcept](/CodeableConcept)

**Binding:** extensible:[series-performer-function](/valueset-series-performer-function)

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** workflow=Event.performer.function; rim=.participation[typeCode=PRF].role; dicom=PRF (Performing Physician's Name); SPRF (Operator's Name); DEV (Manufacturer / Manufacturer's Model Name); or LOC (Institution Name)


<a id="ImagingStudy.series.performer.actor"></a>

## ImagingStudy.series.performer.actor
Who performed imaging study

**Definition:** Indicates who or what performed the imaging study.

**Cardinality:** 1..1

**Type:** Reference([Practitioner](/Practitioner), [PractitionerRole](/PractitionerRole), [Organization](/Organization), [CareTeam](/CareTeam), [Patient](/Patient), [Device](/Device), [RelatedPerson](/RelatedPerson), [HealthcareService](/HealthcareService))

**Summary:** true

**Mappings:** workflow=Event.performer.actor; w5=FiveWs.actor; v2=EVN-5 or by domain; rim=.participation[typeCode=PRF].role[scoper.determinerCode=INSTANCE]; dicom=Practitioner (Performing Physician's Name); Practitioner (Operator's Name); Device (Manufacturer / Manufacturer's Model Name); or Organization (Institution Name)


<a id="ImagingStudy.series.instance"></a>

## ImagingStudy.series.instance
A single SOP instance from the series

**Definition:** A single SOP instance within the series, e.g. an image, or presentation state.

**Conditions:** ist-4, ist-6

**Cardinality:** 0..*

**Type:** [BackboneElement](/BackboneElement)

**Mappings:** rim=.outboundRelationship[typeCode=COMP].target[classCode=DGIMG, moodCode=EVN]


<a id="ImagingStudy.series.instance.uid"></a>

## ImagingStudy.series.instance.uid
DICOM SOP Instance UID

**Definition:** The DICOM SOP Instance UID for this image or other DICOM content.

**Comments:** See  [DICOM PS3.3 C.12.1](http://dicom.nema.org/medical/dicom/current/output/chtml/part03/sect_C.12.html#sect_C.12.1).

**Requirements:** DICOM SOP Instance UID.

**Aliases:** SOPInstanceUID

**Cardinality:** 1..1

**Type:** [id](/id)

**Mappings:** rim=.id; dicom=SOP Instance UID (0008,0018)


<a id="ImagingStudy.series.instance.sopClass"></a>

## ImagingStudy.series.instance.sopClass
DICOM class type

**Definition:** DICOM instance  type.

**Comments:** Typically a well-known DICOM SOP Class UID but MAY be the UID of a private SOP Class

**Aliases:** SOPClassUID

**Cardinality:** 1..1

**Type:** [oid](/oid)

**Mappings:** rim=.inboundRelationship[typeCode=COMP]. source[classCode=OBS, moodCode=EVN, code="sop class"].value; dicom=SOP Class UID (0008,0016)


<a id="ImagingStudy.series.instance.number"></a>

## ImagingStudy.series.instance.number
The number of this instance in the series

**Definition:** The number of the instance assigned by the creator of the series. MAY or MAY NOT correspond to intended display order.

**Aliases:** InstanceNumber

**Cardinality:** 0..1

**Type:** [unsignedInt](/unsignedInt)

**Mappings:** rim=.inboundRelationship[typeCode=COMP, source[classCode=OBSSER, moodCode=EVN]].sequenceNumber; dicom=Instance Number (0020,0013)


<a id="ImagingStudy.series.instance.title"></a>

## ImagingStudy.series.instance.title
Name or title of the instance

**Definition:** The title of the instance.

**Comments:** Particularly for post-acquisition analytic objects, such as SR, presentation states, value mapping, etc.

**Cardinality:** 0..1

**Type:** [string](/string)

**Mappings:** rim=.title; dicom=Document Title (0042,0010)